Three hypotheses of signal pathology

dffaaoo

Three hypotheses of signal pathology

1 Fluid Small Molecular Enzyme Hypothesis

2 Symptom receptor pathological conformation hypothesis,

Hypothesis that small molecular enzymes are the first pathological signal reactants





The importance of the third part is that it can be called a signal-binding enzyme or a hormone-receptor-binding enzyme based on a new discovery (of course, on the basis of the obtained empirical materials and known facts of physiological and pathological reactions and the results of logical analysis), which shows that the physiological and pathological reactions in the disease are composed of three parts. What is the source of the pathological signal substance in the first or first stage of pathological response? Or this binding enzyme is the pathological signal substance in many pathological reactions.

Pathology in the production of pathological cascade reaction is generally lack of the explanation of the origin of this substance.

I do not know much about what the initial biochemical reactions are, but of course some of them are lower level pathological signals, and they do not know what they should be.

2017.6.29



All kinds of hormones or signal substances should have the function of enzyme in the binding with their receptors. The enzyme can repair, cut off and connect new groups to the signal substance, as well as the source of group chemicals.

However, biochemistry and pharmacology have not carried out such research so far.

Because of the large number of signal substances and receptors, this enzyme exists in a large number and should be widely distributed.

But if physiology tries to use known enzymes as signal-binding enzymes, there will be a lot of practical difficulties.

Because this enzyme should not be in the cell, but outside the cell.

Ordinary enzymes can only exist in cells and play a role in biochemical reactions. If they are allowed to move out of cells, there are many design difficulties or impossibilities.

It is known that this enzyme is a small molecule substance with movable physical properties.

When they are synthesized, they move out of the cell.

Density changes can occur in various physiological systems for some reasons.

The enzymes of macromolecule can not be changed in other physiological relationships.

Or affect the density of enzymes in other physiological systems.

Whether in the application of traditional Chinese medicine or in many pathological cascade reactions, there should be a signal function of some physiological substance.

These physiological substances exist in the synergy of the system and in other synergies, and can produce diffusion and increase density, which can increase the synthesis of physiological substances and produce pathological reactions.

The conditions for the movement and diffusion of these small molecules of enzymes lie in the weakening of some physiological cascade reactions, which are relatively dense because their functions of scavenging or absorbing metabolism are not normally realized.



Only with the increase of the degree, did the diffusion occur.

The actual manifestation of the weakening of these physiological synergies is some symptoms.

In addition to the enzymes of protein macromolecule, there should also be enzymes of non-protein small molecule to complete the biochemical functions that macromolecule enzymes can not complete, such as the modification of signal substances in extracellular reaction or the removal of biochemical functions of transfer groups.

At the same time, because of the movable physical properties of these small molecules of enzymes, they disturb normal physiological reactions or produce a lot of pathological reactions.

Pathology for many diseases do not know the root cause or origin, the origin is because we do not know the existence of such enzymes widely existing in the biological signal system.








Because of the special physical properties of this small mobile molecule enzyme, its existence, composition and function are still unknown in physiology and chemistry. Or they can not be detected directly in the human body, which is very similar to NO.

It should be known that NO is a small molecule of mobile or gaseous signal substance synthesized in the human body, and it is the only gaseous signal substance synthesized in the human body, while other signal substances are solid or larger molecules, they are not substances that can be moved without the help of the movement of other substances.

This also gives some enlightenment to biochemistry, that is, enzymes can also have small molecules that can move in a form that can be used to supplement the deficiency of macromolecular enzymes without the help of the movement of other substances.



The difference between these enzymes and NO is that they can hydrolyze or decompose substances, and NO has no such biochemical function.

This difference is important.

Moreover, the synthesis of NO is relatively limited and the distribution of NO is not comparable to that of this small molecule enzyme.



2017.6.30

Because this small molecule has the characteristic of enzymes, which can hydrolyze or decompose substances, and this function of decomposing substances is not only for signal molecules, but also for the production of ions when the density of these small molecules increases to the corresponding level. (When the density of these small molecules is normal, there is no decomposition between these enzymes to produce ions or the ions formed are limited, and they are not enough to bind to the receptor to signal.

Because NO has no structural function of enzymes, no matter how dense they are, it is impossible to produce ions, and because the total number of gas signal substances is limited, it is impossible for NO to have pathological effects in various physiological systems.

However, due to the wide distribution of this small molecule enzyme, as long as the density of the enzyme distributed in a certain receptor increases, it will produce diffusion to achieve uniform density. These are the basic properties of fluid substances.

This small molecule of enzymes should be a fluid substance.

That's the density of this small molecule enzyme of a receptor.

dffaaoo

This small molecule of enzymes should be a fluid substance.

That is to say, increasing the density of small molecular enzymes of one receptor will evenly increase the density of small molecular enzymes distributed in other receptors.

It is possible to produce ions formed by enzymatic decomposition of these small molecules and then become signal substances of various receptors, resulting in various pathological cascade reactions.

The known physiological and pathological substances in the cross-physiological linkage, such as the combination of antibody and thyroid gland, antibody is only a signal substance of a certain level in the pathological association of hyperthyroidism. The signal substances from which antibody is formed must be endogenous. These signal substances can only be intermediate levels in the pathological association, not the first level substance. The first level substance can only be this fraction. The enzymes of the seed can act as.

Because the synthesis of these intermediates is not physiological, and has nothing to do with the higher level substances in their original cascade reactions. For example, the synthesis of antibodies should be independent of exogenous antigens. There must be some unknown physiological substances behind them.

This physiological substance can diffuse without the increase of its superior substance or the action of other physiological substances.

Antibodies in hyperthyroidism, or increased thyroxine synthesis, are not associated with the first-order reactants in their physiological associations.

They are all related to the outward migration of substances in the secondary reactions of other physiological systems.

But their pathological synthesis must also have the function of higher signal substances, which are not necessarily produced by the action of other secondary reaction substances.

So it can be used as the first reaction substance of the end.

If it is known that an endogenous substance is the initial signal substance of pathological association, there are several N levels in front of it. This is the N level. The former level can be the source of the signal substance of the latter level for each reaction level.

However, since the N stage is the initial stage, the sources of signal materials can not be based on those before the N stage.

Because before N, it was impossible to dissociate to N-level receptor binding due to the non-physiological synthesis of other physiological substances.

It should be a kind of substance that can produce free diffusion without the signal action of free substance. Only small molecule enzymes have this property

dffaaoo

Science submissionAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science,AAAS

dffaaoo

I live at the head of the Yangtze River, and you live at the tail. Every day I think of you, I don't see you. I drink the water of the long river.

When will the water rest? When will the hate be over? I only hope that your heart is like my heart, and I will never miss you.